Understanding A Piece Of Transsexuality - 1147 Words

Understanding A Piece Of Transsexuality The human gender seems to be the outlining template for society only recognizing men and women. Not many people ask themselves: what happens when those absolutes become crossed? We as a culture might not understand the variances within people and we tend to allow ignorance and complacency to rule as we judge others. Transsexuality is one of those variances. Kristen Frisa a contributor of eHow wrote, Chemical mixes vary as fetuses go through stages of development. Although both boys and girls have testosterone, levels vary greatly between genders, especially during specific stages of growth. Melissa Hines of the Department of Psychology at City University in London, UK, found that in humans, there appears to be a dramatic difference between hormone levels of girls and boys between weeks eight to 24 in the womb. In weeks 34 to 41, boys typically have 10 times more of the masculine hormone than girls. Hines concludes that these differences appear to have long-term effects in gender differentiation. (Frisa 1) There are many names for transsexuality but the classic name is gender dysphoria. This is a recognized problem where the individuals mind is â€Å"physically, trapped in a body of the opposite sex† (Reitz, 1). This complication can motivate a person to change or die trying. In Germany, 1930, Einar Wegener had his genital organs reconfigured and became Lili Elbe. After four other surgeries implanting ovaries and lastly a womb, the attemptShow MoreRelatedDue To Slavery, Segregation, And The Countless Acts Of1803 Words   |  8 Pagesbeen found in God himself. For these reasons, religion has become the fundamental set of moral rules and values followed inside a typical Black household. However, one essential factor to understanding human life is acknowledging sexuality, whether it pertains to heterosexuality, homosexuality or transsexuality. Unfortunately, other forms of sexuality remain silenced in the Black community, as it is believed homosexuality is a â€Å"white man’s disease†. Silence, judgement, and denial fail to acknowledgeRead MoreInclusive Practice Essay3654 Words   |  15 PagesCYQ ‘s list of reasonable adjustment states that, ‘CYQ aims to facilitate open access for learners who are eligible for reasonable adjustment and/or special consideration in assessments, whilst ensuring that the assessment of skills, knowledge, understanding and competence is not compromised. Reasonable adjustment should be agreed at the planning stage of assessment and it relates to an adjustment that helps to reduce the effect of a disability or difficulty, which may place the learner at a disadvantageRead MoreBusiness Law I Summary34667 Words   |  139 Pagesword should take its meaning from the context in which it is found. 7. Presumptions= unless there are clear words to the contrary, the court will make a number of assumptions. 8. Use of extrinsic material are sources of information about a piece of legislation apart from the Act itself. Every judgement contains following elements: * The judge records his or her findings as tot he relevant facts of the case, established from evidence in the court. * The judge discusses the law which

Thomas v. Indiana Employment Security Free Essays

Whether the State’s denial of unemployment compensation benefits to the petitioner, who terminated his job because his religious beliefs prohibited him from participating in the production of armaments, constituted a violation of his First Amendment right to free exercise of religion Facts: Petition Thomas was a Jehovah’s witness who worked at the Blaw-Knox Foundry Machinery Co. He was initially hired to work in the roll foundry until he was transferred to another department that fabricated turrets for military tanks. Since his main function was related to the production of weapons he asked that he be transferred to another department. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas v. Indiana Employment Security or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having found out that all of the remaining departments at Blaw-Knox were weapons related he asked for a lay-off from his company. When this was denied, he quit from his job arguing that he could not work on weapons without violating the principles of his religion. After leaving his employment he asked for unemployment compensation from the Indiana Employment Security. During his hearing, he declared that he thought that contributing to the production of arms violated his religion. The hearing referee concluded that Thomas’ religious belief precluded him from producing or aiding directly in the manufacture of items used in warfare. The referee however denied him his benefits on the ground that his termination from employment was not based on good cause in connection with his work as required by the Indiana statute. The Board adopted the referee’s ruling and denied the benefits. On appeal, the Indiana Court of Appeals reversed the decision of the board and ruled that the subject Indiana statute improperly burdened Thomas’ right to free exercise his religion. The Supreme Court of Indiana vacated the decision of the Court of Appeals and denied Thomas his benefits Decision: The State’s denial of unemployment compensation benefits to petitioner violated his First Amendment right to free exercise of religion Reasons/Rationale In arriving at this conclusion, the Supreme Court first had to answer the question whether Thomas indeed quit his employment due to religion. It is well-settled that only beliefs rooted in religion are protected by the Free Exercise Clause. According to the Supreme Court, the determination however of what is a religious belief or practice is more often than not a difficult and delicate task. The Supreme Court found that Thomas resigned from employment because he thought that production of arms violated his religion. In this case, the referee had found that Thomas quit his employment due to his religious convictions. This was affirmed by the Review Board. The Indiana Supreme Court however concluded that Thomas had merely made a personal philosophical choice rather than a religious choice. It must be stressed that religious belief is not reduced to a philosophical choice merely because there are differences among the faithful in their interpretation of their scripture. The fact therefore that a colleague did not consider production of weapons as a serious violation of their religions should not affect Thomas’ reason for quitting his employment. It is also immaterial and insignificant if the faithful is having difficulty articulating his views. The free exercise of religion protected by the First Amendment is not limited to beliefs which are shared by all of the members. Having disposed of the first question, the second question is whether the statute violated the free exercise of religion by Thomas. According to the Supreme Court, it is well-settled that when the state requires that certain conduct is mandated by a religious faith be first complied with before a benefit is received or when it denies such a benefit because of failure to comply with such conduct, the state is in effect placing a burden upon religion. In this case, if we are to uphold the interpretation given on the Indiana statute then we are in effect stating that the employee should not resign for religious grounds otherwise he will not be entitled to benefits. Although the compulsion exercised by the state in this case is indirect, the infringement upon free exercise is nonetheless substantial. This however does not mean that the state cannot restrict the free exercise of religion. If there are more compelling interest which could justify the state from restricting the free exercise of religion then the burden may be allowed. The ends, however, do not justify the means. In this case, the reasons behind the enactment of the statute do not justify violation of the free exercise of religion. There is no evidence that will prove that the number of people who find themselves in the predicament of choosing between benefits and religious beliefs is large enough to create widespread unemployment or even to seriously affect unemployment which is feared by the lower courts. There is therefore no interest more important than the free exercise of religion. Neither is there any merit on the argument that to compel the payment of benefits to Thomas will amount to fostering a religious faith. The grant of benefits given to Thomas is a mere affirmation of the obligation of the state to become neutral in matters of the religious faith of the people. Dissenting Opinion of Justice Rehnquist Justice Rehnquist declared that the conclusion of the majority that the State of Indiana is constitutionally required to provide direct financial assistance to a person solely because of his religious beliefs actually adds mud to the already muddied waters of the First Amendment. According to him this declaration of the majority is clearly erroneous as it does not resolve the tension between the Free Exercise Clause and the Establishment Clause of the constitution. It is the contention of Justice Rehnquist that the majority read the Free Exercise Clause too broadly. Although it upheld the free exercise of religion by Thomas, it however in effect violated the requirements of the Establishment Clause by preferring religion over another. How to cite Thomas v. Indiana Employment Security, Papers

Testing Virtualisation Security in Cyber Situational

Question: Discuss about the Testing Virtualisation Security in Cyber Situational. Answer: Introduction This refers mainly to the act which is to create a virtual version which includes the virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices and the storage network resources. The virtualisation has been mainly for the creation of a virtual machine which works with the operating system and takes hold of the virtual machines that are separated from the underlying hardware resources (Mir et al., 2016). Here, the host machines are considered to be the actual machine on the virtualisation which takes place. Here, the guest machines are the virtual machines as well. We are going to focus on VMWare, Microsoft Hyper V and Virtual box for the comparison and for the different features. This software works over the virtualised sets of windows for the guest OS, where they tend to virtualise the hardware for a proper video adapter, network and the hard disk serial. The VMWare virtual machines tend to become portable between the computers mainly the hosts are found to be identical to the guests. The VMware virtual machines are highly portable between the computers as every host looks identical to the guests. The enterprise servers with the vMotion allow the migration of the operations and take hold of the hardware hosts with sharing the same storage as well. The use of the same is done by the Dell technologies which provide a better computing platform for the virtualisation software and handling the services as well. It runs on Windows, Linux and MacOS (Donaldson et al., 2017). Here, the enterprise works without requiring any of the additional forms of the underlying operating systems. This is for the Windows Server which is mainly to create the virtual machines on the system that is running on the windows. The Hyper-V is superseded with the virtualisation components. The server computer is easily configured to expose the individual virtual machines with one-to-one network. It works over the Windows which has been mainly on x86-64 editions of Windows Server 2008, where there are limitations for the windows services and is also limited to the command line interface (Lubomski et al., 2016). This is for configuring the host OS, physical hardware and the software. The operating system using this are Windows Server, Vista, Linux and FreeBSD. The companies like Cisco, Microsoft use this for the functioning. The product contains the Windows Server driver model which could be for the management process and supporting the tools with provisioning standards as well. The Oracle VirtualBox is for the creation and the management of the different guest virtual machines with the derivation of the Windows, Linux and the OS systems where the packages are for the device drivers and the applications. This works over the software for a better and personal use where there is emulated environment where the user can easily configure about the VM under the software based virtualisation that holds the applications of the host and the guest OS (Ferrari, 2017). The software based approach is to adapt the standards which include the configuration of the guest OS code and the privilege instructions which are important for the employing of the codes. Recommendations For the VirtualBox, VMWare, and the Microsoft Hyper V, there is a proper use of facilities which includes the separation of the address space with handling the storage of the data and the files that are mainly in the single virtual hard disk. It is important to focus on the networking performance by eliminating the needs of specific hardware interface. This will help in handling the features and support set to run and control the guest applications for the automated software deployments. The VM storage scheme is for the VM data which is to improve the portability and then holding the extension packs for the closed source. The performance need to be mapped with new VM storage so that the data could improve the portability as well. Conclusion The OS has been for GUI which could be based on keeping it completely contrasting and fair. This is noted when the company is taking hold of the marketing of the different standards and working over the access of proprietary software which is providing a double profit as well. The open source standards are also available for the people with easy coding methods that are on the internet. References Mir, N.F., Kotte, J.N. and Pokuri, G.A., 2016. Implementation of Virtualization in Software Defined Networking (SDN) for Data Center Networks.ICN 2016, p.136. Ferrari, M., 2017. VMware starts VMware Hosted Beta Program.Red,2016. Lubomski, P., Kalinowski, A. and Krawczyk, H., 2016, June. Multi-level virtualization and its impact on system performance in cloud computing. InInternational Conference on Computer Networks(pp. 247-259). Springer International Publishing. Donaldson, S., Coull, N. and McLuskie, D., 2017, June. A methodology for testing virtualisation security. InCyber Situational Awareness, Data Analytics And Assessment (Cyber SA), 2017 International Conference On(pp. 1-8). IEEE.

Life Cycle Of A Star Essay Example

Life Cycle Of A Star Essay At this point the gas will be hot enough to glow. But since here is still a large amount of dust surrounding the gas there isnt much radii Zion given offing the visible spectrum(light humans can see) Brown Dwarf: A brown dwarf is when a protestor has not been able to reach critical mass, the is means that fusion was never able to begin, these objects range in size from 13 90 times t he mass of Jupiter. Main Sequence: Most stars in the universe for most of their life will fall into the category main sequence. A main sequence star is when a protestor is able to begin nuclear fusion, in the core of these stars hydrogen is fused into helium releasing energy in the process. Main sequence stars vary in size from around 0. 08 the mass of our Sun (this is known as a solar mass) to 1502 00 solar masses In general the bigger a star is the faster it uses Hydrogen and the shorter its life span. Depending on the stars mass it will either follow the path of a red giant or beck mom a red super giant. Red Giant: A star becomes a red giant when it has . 5 5 solar masses. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Cycle Of A Star specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Life Cycle Of A Star specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Life Cycle Of A Star specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After the star has s pent billions of years fusing hydrogen into helium it become a red giant. Because the helium I s heavier it sinks to the centre of the star leaving a shell of hydrogen. After most of the hydrogen has been used the tar begins to collapse, as the star collapses the temperature and density in t he core increases allowing for the helium to start fusing into carbon and oxygen. The energy give en off by the helium fusion then causes the star to expand to hundreds of times the size of our sun. A star will spend around 100 million years as a red giant. Planetary nebula: After a red giant has finished fusing helium into carbon it ejects the outer lay RSI of itself forming what is know as a planetary nebula. This part of the stars life starts as the as me time it becomes a white dwarf. The newly created white dwarf illuminates the cloud Of gas and d SST Planetary nebulae only last a few tens of thousands of years before the gas and dust ids parsed into space. White dwarf: A white dwarf begins at the same time as a planetary. A white dwarf is the core e of the star that is left after it has finished fusing helium and blown off its outer layers. A white d war is very hot reaching 100,000 Kelvin. The white dwarf will spend the next billion years cool ins down. White dwarfs are also very dense being around 200,000 times as dense as our plane t, they are second only to neutron stars. Red supernatant: Stars that are around 10 solar masses will become a red supernatant. Red super organist are massive, some of them like IVY Janis Majors are roughly 1800 times the size of our sun . Like with a red giant in a supernatant the star begins to collapse and the heat and pressure HTH s creates makes the star start to fuse helium into carbon. Because of their greater mass though the sees stars can have fusion reactions that create elements up to iron. Like main sequence stars the bigger the star the shorter. A supernatant life is around few 100,000 1,000,000 years Us persona: A supernova is the how massive stars end their life, a supernova will very brie fly prod cue more light than the entire galaxy. As the red supernatant was ending its life fusing he aver and heavier elements they built up in bands with the heavier elements at the core, Once t he star passes a certain mass known as the Chandeliers limit the star begins to collapse. The e shock wave caused by the collapsing of the star eventually reaches the core and bounces back. The showplace bouncing back causes the star to explode in a supernova and in the is very brief time all the elements heavier than iron are created. After the supernova almost all of the star has been blown off and what is left is an incredibly dense core. Neutron star: A Neutron Star is the core left over from a supernova, they have a mass Of are undo 1. 4 solar masses and only have a diameter of 20 kilometers.

Wedell Berry essays

Wedell Berry essays Berry, Wendell. Sex, Economy, Freedom, Wendell Berry, self-styled intellectual, social commentator and purveyor of common sense, authored a biting series of essays on the state of American life and economy, compiled in 1993 under the title Sex, Economy, Freedom Sex... is certainly an easy read, the same does not apply to its author. Berry introduces his essays with a preface centered on the value of education and the importance of understanding. It is here that the Kentuckians backwoods wit shines in all its sarcastic glory. In a hilarious incisive listing of the basic assumptions accepted by most participants in modern higher education, Berry cites the systems failures and mocks its current goals. To point out the common understanding of the utility of education as a career tool, designed and obtained as a device for monetary profit, is perhaps the master stroke of the work, and Berrys third listed assumption does so masterfully. Also worthwhile is Berrys attack on jargon and its use as a placard of intellectual superiority, though it might be construed as betraying a general ignorance of the value of specialized language in specialized fields. Compounding this rationale is the post script to the preface, in which Berry maligns the supposed value of electronic newspapers. Doubtless, from his early 1990s persp ective, this now-common means of communication across the internet may have seemed fanciful and emaciating, while the pa...

Signed vs. Unsigned in Programming

Signed vs. Unsigned in Programming The term unsigned in computer programming indicates a variable that can hold only positive numbers. The term signed in computer code indicates that a variable can hold negative and positive values.  The property can be applied to most of the numeric data types including int, char, short and long. Unsigned Variable Type of Integer An unsigned variable type of int can hold zero and positive numbers, and a signed int holds negative, zero and positive numbers. In 32-bit integers, an unsigned integer has a range of 0 to 232-1 0 to 4,294,967,295 or about 4 billion. The signed version goes from -231-1 to 231, which is –2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 or about -2 billion to 2 billion. The range is the same, but it is shifted on the number line.   An int type in C, C, and C# is signed by default. If negative numbers are involved, the programmer must change to unsigned. Unsigned Char In the case of chars, which are only 1 byte, the range of an unsigned char is 0 to 256, while the range of a signed char is -127 to 127. Stand-Alone Type Specifiers and Other Usages Unsigned (and signed) can also serve as standalone type specifiers, but when either is used alone, they default  to int. Objects of type long can be declared as signed long or unsigned long. Signed long is the same as long because signed is the default. The same applies to long and short.​

Answers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answers - Assignment Example Can you explain how the 10 Commandments teach about relationships? The last teach commandments teach about relationships by promoting obedience, loyalty, faithfulness and respect. The fifth commandment talks about honor and obedience to parents who are also elders. This cultivates good relationships between parents and their children with a promise of longer life as the reward. The sixth commandment teaches respect for life. By not murdering other people, good relationships are promoted and maintained. The seventh commandment ensures that institutions of marriage are maintained and preserved by preventing out-of-marriage affairs and respect for spouses. On the other hand, the eighth commandment teaches about living peacefully with others and not stealing their property. This enhances good relationships among neighbors and community members. The ninth commandment states â€Å"you shall not give false testimony against your neighbor†. In regard to this commandment, people are wa rned against making false accusations against others which would otherwise lead to unnecessary tension, fights and conflict. According to the tenth commandment, good relationships are promoted by the teaching against coveting your neighbor’s house, wife, male or female servants, and the neighbor’s property. ... Can you name the key dates in Jewish history that fit into salvation history? In the beginning, the creation of God was good but evil crept in and so God decided to fill the world with flood. However, he salvaged Noah and his relatives. When Israelites were held as slaves, God used Moses to deliver them from Egypt. As the Israelites were headed to Canaan, God made a covenant with them at Mount. Sinai Can you explain how these moments in history shaped their experience and understanding of God? Such moments strengthened the faith of man and made them understand that God was a faithful one and true to his word. They understood that no matter what challenge they would go through, he would eventually deliver them because he does not forsake his own people. Three stages of gospel formation Stage 1- Jesus actual life: Jesus was actually alive, told numerous parables, performed miracles, crucified, died and lived again. Stage 2-Oral tradition: The apostles preached that Jesus was the messia h, they baptized and the church began. Stage 3- writing of the gospel: Paul wrote the earliest letters which are now in the New Testament and later own other gospels were written. Mark: What is the heart of Mark’s gospel and why? The heart of Mark’s gospel is to display the divinity and humanity of jesus. The reason for his gospel was to be read in the assembly of Christians rather than be made private. What is the Messianic Secret, in which gospel is it found and why does Jesus talk with his disciples about it? Messianic secret is found in the gospel of Mark. It explains how Jesus wanted to have his identity hidden from his enemies whereby he asks his disciples to be silent on his mission on earth. This was to ascertain that his mission to be

POWER AND VIOLENCE IN FAMILIES Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

POWER AND VIOLENCE IN FAMILIES - Movie Review Example However, the part where Jennifer Lopez is shown getting trained in just one month and taking a revenge on her husband is a bit dramatic and theatrical. It usually takes longer than that to get trained for self defense and learn martial arts. At the same time, one cannot say that this cannot happen in real life. If a woman is strong and determined, then she can do anything to fight abuse. So the movie is quite realistic. A: Wives who are psychologically weak are the ones who usually become the victim of abuse. It is their psychological and emotional weakness, and the fear of being abandoned, that makes women suffer the domestic violence silently. It is the lack of psychological weakness in the first place which makes them vulnerable to abuse. Huge amount of mental strength and determination is needed for women to overpower their husbands and fight physical abuse at home. Hence, it is not easily possible for abused wives to overpower their husbands physically. They lack the mental strength to do so. Unfortunately, it is the mental strength that is usually found missing in victims of physical abuse. A: No. One can say that a woman is ‘most battered’ when she experiences persistent beating for no reason, suffers physical injuries due to physical violence everyday, lives in constant fear, and is tortured mentally and emotionally. Most of the times, battered women suffer major physical injuries and psychological traumas which make them incapable of functioning normally in daily life. Most battered women lose their self-esteem, confidence, communication ability etc. However, this does not happen in case of Lopez’s character. Lopez is shown getting only one tiny scar on her face and no other major injuries. The physical abuse shown against her is quite less and hence, one cannot say that she presents ‘most battered women.’ A: This movie is definitely not damaging. In

Ethics Article Review Essay Example for Free

Ethics Article Review Essay Ethics in accounting and financial decision-making has received increased attention due to large corporate scandals such as WorldCom and Enron in recent years. Legislation such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has attempted to make corporations more transparent to internal and external stakeholders. After analyzing the 2005 article by Richard Bernardi and Catherine LaCross, Corporate Transparency: Code of Ethics Disclosures, recommendations will be made to improve ethical foundations at the San Quentin State Prison based on the parameters outlined by Sarbanes-Oxley. In the Corporate Transparency article, the key point is made that along with changes in the accounting practices, disclosing a code of ethics to the public will ensure better internal compliance with ethical practices. Those organizations that did not publicly disclose codes of ethics were less likely to truly conform to ethical practices required in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 was legislation enacted in response to large corporate scandals. The Act calls for public corporations to publicly disclose all financial statements, store all electronic records for five years and these rules are governed by the SEC (Spurzem, 2006). Sarbanes Oxley has impacted organizations in that accountants and financial decision makers are open to public scrutiny based on the public financial statement disclosures and IT departments must adequately create and maintain corporate archives that are cost effective and in compliance with legislation (Spurzem, 2006). Organizations have been impacted financially by having to add extra resources to maintain compliance and avoid fines. According to Bernardi and LaCross, â€Å". . . one example of a ‘best practice’ in transparency is a corporation making its code of ethics readily available for public scrutiny on its website (par 1). † Corporations increase legitimacy with openly stated code of ethics and websites are an economically feasible avenue for making a particular code available to the public. The article argues that organizations that go beyond the basic requirements of Sarbanes-Oxley and declare a universal code of ethics show that the organization is willing to ‘walk the talk’ of ethics. SEC chairman Donaldson is quoted as saying â€Å". . . going beyond mere adherence or conformity to new dictates and of Sarbanes-Oxley: responsibilities that rest at the very heart of their obligation to create a corporate culture of transparency and accountability (Bernardi, 2005, par 6). † Integrating ethics into a corporate culture is extremely effective in ensuring strong ethical compliance within organizations. At the San Quentin State Prison, ethics are important in many aspects of business including accounting, financial decisions, inmate treatment, medical care, and general work environment. There are many opportunities for unethical practices to take hold in a prison facility. Since the facility is closed off to the general public, self-monitoring is a crucial part of maintaining an ethical environment in all aspects of the prison business. San Quentin has the responsibility to use public tax dollars wisely and ethically as well as to maintain a corporate culture with high integrity. Based on the research findings by Bernardi and LaCross, the recommendation for a San Quentin State Prison public code of ethics will focus the entire prison cultural towards walking the ethical talk. All prison employees would be held individually responsible for maintaining the highest code of ethics across all job functions from accounting and financial decision-makers to medical employees. Ethics in business span larger than just accounting and financial-decision making. While these areas are extremely important, developing a code of ethics for all job functions in an organization is essential to maintaining an ethical corporate environment. At San Quentin Prison, an official code of ethics would guide the organization to best practices to ensure success. References http://searchcio.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid19_gci920030,00.html

Dunciad: Mock epic and parallels to Rape of the Lock (another satire) E

The Dunciad: A Mock Epic? Honors English   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fourth book of the Dunciad describes the fall and slow death of the English society that once taught him all the things he knew. He lashes out at his critics, accusers, and nay Sayers in his allegorical poem. It symbolizes a mock epic because of the elaborate use of words, calling on inspiration from a higher force, and using his work not so much to tell a story, but to point out the faults of a social order that can’t or chooses not to see what they’re really doing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It opens with: â€Å"Yet, yet a moment, one dim ray of light Indulge, dread Chaos, and eternal Night!† [Line 1, A.P.] â€Å"Suspend a while your force inertly strong, Then take at once the Poet, and the song.† [Line 7, A.P.] In tradition of the epic, Alexander calls for the aide of an outside power. He doesn’t follow the rules completely, and replaces the muse with Chaos and Night, but does this only to enforce what he’s trying to do with his point and gives you a picture of where he’s going next. In epics, there’s always a battle or a scene that is brazenly described, adding drama, making it a little more important and draws the reader in. When Alexander Pope describes the room as the educators stand before the Goddess, and the scene where Dullness triumphs over everything that breathes life into human creativity, he makes it a point to describe each scene as a play-by-play battle in itself. An advocate of the empr...

Critical Response of an image Essay

Advertisement is a notice or announcement in a public medium promoting a product, service, or event or publicizing. It is also bringing into awareness a new product or idea. Advertising generally tries to sell the things that consumers want even if they should not wish for them. Advertising things that consumers do not need for is not effective use of the advertiser’s money. A majority of what advertisers sell consists of customer items like food, clothing, cars and services†¦ things that people desire to have. On the other hand it is believed by some advertising experts that the greatest influence in advertising happens in choosing a brand at the point of sale. Advertising appeals to consumers through common images; the logo used is well-designed and there is a clear separation of art from commerce. Advertisers use these iconic images to appeal to consumers since they symbolize or stand directly for something. The image for MacDonald’s symbolizes its quality. Therefore, advertisers use these images to communicate much more than words, since they seem to convey the message without too much effort. According to McDonald’s website, their mission statement is â€Å"to be our customers’ favorite place and way to eat. The worldwide operations have been aligned around a global strategy called the Plan to win centering on the five basics of an exceptional customer experience – People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion. It’s committed to improving the operations and enhancing the customers’ experience. For decades, Macdonald’s has maintained a broad advertising campaign. In addition to the media, the company makes considerable use of signage and billboards, sporting events and coolers of drinks with their logo for all kinds of events In the case of McDonald’s advertising the texts used are effective. They have contributed in attracting targeted clients to the company. The wordings are extremely pleasing and successful at getting the consumers to buy the products. The phrase ‘I’m Lovin’ it’ which is used in one of the advertisements, indicates a piece of advertising that is particularly striking. According to Cross â€Å"propagandas is simply a means of persuasion†, which they have applied that to their place because it is evidently an artistic expression, yet is trying to sell something to the consumers. The company’s effectively is truthful since the business brings in new customers and creates new products. The company released a burger that is low fat, and which targeted adults in response to the consumers’ desire for healthier options. The company has learned from its previous mistakes, like going after the wrong target market of adults instead of young adults. This however, resulted to a turn around strategy, which later led to increase in sale and profits. McDonald’s has managed to implement strategies that satisfy the changing need of the customer. The company, being an international restaurant within the quick service restaurant, requires a very high level of promotional campaigns to remain competitive. This has been so, since some of the most memorable commercials in fast food industry have emerged from this particular company. Effective speaking has contributed to its world-wide expansion and in its listing on the public stock markets. With the expansion of McDonald’s to a worldwide market, the company has become a symbol of globalization. At the same time, it has acted as the spread of the American system of living. Its prominence has also resulted to regular topics of public debates on obesity, business ethics and consumer responsibility. The company also introduced a cafà © style in accompaniment to the restaurant. To accommodate the recent trend of high quality coffee and recognition of coffee shops in general. A number of locations are connected to convenience stores and gas stations, this level of achievement is an indication of effective advertising or else truthful rhetoric. The corporation also earns revenue as an investor in properties, as an operator and franchiser of restaurants. The company’s business model is slightly different from other fast- food chains. In addition, franchising fees and marketing fees are calculated as a proportion of sales. Many researchers, including some writers believe there is a connection between advertisement and harmful behaviors. Some suggest that advertisements affect children negatively especially young women. Lutz argues that the manner in which advertisers modify the meaning of words is able to have a harmful effect on languages and how it is used. The author believes that the relationship amid humans and any form of culture can be complicated. However there is no denial that there is a relationship between behavior and advertising. On the other hand, it is not convincing on the directness and similarity about the relationship between media and advertising. Lutz continues to argue that advertisers use language to imply a great thing about products and services without promising anything at all. With extensive skill, advertisers can create an advertisement that makes us to believe that a particular product is better than it is without having to lie about it. (Lutz, 448) According to Machesney, adverting must build a brand while speaking with one voice. They develop economies in the creative process, while maximizing its local effectiveness and it increases the company’s speed of implementation. It is the key to determining success of the organization. The ability to identify the key of an ad that contributes to its success leads to maximization of the economy of scale. (Machesney, 265) Critics argue that commercialization of all fields of society, increases in consumption and wastes resources; privatization of public space and the negative influence on the lifestyle is due to overrated advertising. Advertising to some extent has contributed tremendously to destroying non-material possessions. Public service adverting is an adverting technique used in promoting goods and services. It is crucial in forming, educating and motivating the public about non commercial issues like conserving energy, deforestation and political ideology. It is an influential and educational tool that is capable of motivating and reaching larger audiences. Adverting justifies its existence when used in the public interest. It is too much a powerful tool to be used for commercial purposes only. Infomercials are televisions commercials with a longer format; they are very useful in creating an impulse purchase, so that the moment the consumer observes the presentation, it is followed by immediate purchase of the product through the advertised toll free number. Infomercials describe, display and frequently demonstrate products and their features. They commonly have testimonials from industry professionals and consumers. According to Williamson, press advertising is an influential means of advertising. It describes advertising in printed medium such as newspapers, journals or magazines. This involves everything from media with a broad readership base. It allows private companies or individuals to purchase a small targeted advertisement at a low fee to advertise their products and services. (Williamson, 255) Celebrity branding is another powerful form of advertising that mainly focuses on using a celebrity popularity to gain recognition for the product. Celebrities are frequently involved in advertising campaigns like televisions or print adverts to advertise general or specific program. This can lead to great success if it is endorsed by various companies, and practiced prudently. Online advertising is the most recent and productive form of advertising. It reaches a massive audience at the same time being affordable, as compared to other mediums. This is achieved by the use of World Wide Web to express the purpose of delivering marketing messages to draw customers.

Mang Inasal Essay

I. Background of the Company MANG INASAL – Philippine’s fastest growing barbeque fast food chain, serving chicken, pork barbeque and other Filipino favorites, was first established on December 12, 2003 in Iloilo City.   Mang Inasal comes from two word’s MANG – Local word for â€Å"Mister† and INASAL – Ilonggo word for barbecue, a popular dish in Visayas. MangInasal – is a Pinoy quick-service restaurant that originated in the City of Iloilo and was able to compete with other existing food chains nationwide. Currently, there are 464 branches nationwide and with over 10,000 employees system wide. MANG INASAL is doing its share in alleviating the unemployment burden of the country. The presence of every MANG INASAL in a certain area provides not only employment but also opportunities to community members including suppliers of kalamansi, charcoal, banana leaves, vegetables, bamboo sticks, and other ingredients. It also indirectly gives income – generating act ivities to many. MILESTONE: * Mang Inasal’s First Company Owned store: Robinson’s Place Iloilo on December 12, 2003 * First store in Manila: SM Mall of Asia on September 15, 2006 * 100th Store at Kalibo on January 9, 2009 * 200th Store Plaza Miranda Quiapo December 21, 2009 On its 6thyear, Mang Inasal built a total of100 stores in one year from 2008 to 2009. Mang Inasal capitalized on giving livelihood to the people around its surrounding communities Mang Inasal has set a significant example of using environmental friendly materials in its operations. Vision Statement * To be the 2nd largest QSR in the Philippines by year 2020. Mission * To consistently provide our customers with a â€Å"solb, alagang pinoy† experience everyday. Mang Inasal Core Values * Costumer Focus * Excellence * Respect for the Individual * Teamwork * Spirit of Family and Fun * Honesty and Integrity * Frugality * Sense of Ownership * Humility to Listen and Learn

Free Essays on Flannery OConner

Flannery O’Connor’s works are influenced by her real life. She was a deeply religious woman who also had a disease called Lupus, which actually ended her life at a young age of 39. I think she displayed her own traits in the stories she wrote in each story there was a main character who was either extremely religious or had some kind of medical ailment. "A Good Man Is Hard To Find" This story involves a family on a trip to Florida to visit relatives. The family consists of a mother, father, son, daughter, baby and a grandmother. The parents don't really pay attention to the babbling old grandmother; their values seem to be extremely different than hers. The grandmother has a strong southern heritage. Even the way, in which she dresses, she wants everyone to know that she's a lady. I think her values represent some of the values of O’Connor. The grandmother had her son take a detour to show the whole family a plantation she had once visited as a child. Once they were on their way she suddenly remembered that it was in an entirely different state! She got so embarrassed she jumped up knocked over the cat carrier, the cat jumped on her son's shoulder (who was driving) and they ended up in a ditch. When someone finally stopped to help, the grandmother went on and on about how familiar he looked. When she discovered that it was The Misfit all hell broke loos e. She single-handedly was responsible for the death of her entire family. This is the part of the story was where all the religion came into play. The Misfit represents evil and I noted how O’Connor capitalized "The Misfit" every time like you would capitalize God. At one point he compares himself to Christ and she said, "Jesus was the only One that ever raised the dead". (O’Connor, 459) He thinks that himself and Christ were both punished for crimes they didn't commit. The only problem I saw was that Christ accepted death for the sins of all people whereas The Misfit... Free Essays on Flannery O'Conner Free Essays on Flannery O'Conner Flannery O’Conner Flannery (Mary) O’Connor was an American writer, whose novels and short stories focused on humanities spiritual problems and the non-existent care for redemption earned her a unique place in 20th-century American fiction. She was born in Savannah, Georgia, she was educated at the Georgia State College for Women and the State University of Iowa (now we know it as University of Iowa). Most of her life was spent in Milledgeville, Georgia, where she raised peacocks and wrote. O'Connor's work, essentially two novels and two volumes of short stories, has been described as an unlikely mixture of southern Gothic, prophecy, and evangelistic Roman Catholicism. The novels are Wise Blood (1952) and The Violent Bear It Away (1960); the short-story collections are A Good Man Is Hard to Find (1955) and Everything that Rises Must Converge (published posthumously, 1965). O'Connor is frequently compared to the American novelist William Faulkner for her portrayal of southern character and milieu and to the Austrian writer Franz Kafnka for her preoccupation with gross things that most don’t like to think about. A basic theme of her work is the individual's vain attempt to escape the grace of God, and her work is profoundly and pervasively religious. She died of lupus, a disease that crippled her for the last ten years of her life. We of course know her best (or at least I do) for her short story A Good Man is Hard to Find (!955). A Good Man is Hard to Find is consistent with Mary Flannery O'Connor's view that contemporary society was drastically changing for the worse. O'Connor's obvious displeasure with society at the time has often been attributed to her Catholic religion, her studies in the social science field, and the fact that the celebrated lifestyles of the elite southern whites were "Gone with the Wind.† Evidence of society's "demise" is woven into the story, and presented through an interesting generation ga... Free Essays on Flannery O'Conner Flannery O’Connor’s works are influenced by her real life. She was a deeply religious woman who also had a disease called Lupus, which actually ended her life at a young age of 39. I think she displayed her own traits in the stories she wrote in each story there was a main character who was either extremely religious or had some kind of medical ailment. "A Good Man Is Hard To Find" This story involves a family on a trip to Florida to visit relatives. The family consists of a mother, father, son, daughter, baby and a grandmother. The parents don't really pay attention to the babbling old grandmother; their values seem to be extremely different than hers. The grandmother has a strong southern heritage. Even the way, in which she dresses, she wants everyone to know that she's a lady. I think her values represent some of the values of O’Connor. The grandmother had her son take a detour to show the whole family a plantation she had once visited as a child. Once they were on their way she suddenly remembered that it was in an entirely different state! She got so embarrassed she jumped up knocked over the cat carrier, the cat jumped on her son's shoulder (who was driving) and they ended up in a ditch. When someone finally stopped to help, the grandmother went on and on about how familiar he looked. When she discovered that it was The Misfit all hell broke loos e. She single-handedly was responsible for the death of her entire family. This is the part of the story was where all the religion came into play. The Misfit represents evil and I noted how O’Connor capitalized "The Misfit" every time like you would capitalize God. At one point he compares himself to Christ and she said, "Jesus was the only One that ever raised the dead". (O’Connor, 459) He thinks that himself and Christ were both punished for crimes they didn't commit. The only problem I saw was that Christ accepted death for the sins of all people whereas The Misfit...

Barriers For Speakers Of Other Languages English Language Essay

Barriers For Speakers Of Other Languages English Language Essay Multilingual and bilingual education programs have been increasing tremendously over the recent past. This follows the increasing diversity in modern-day classrooms in most parts of the world. Such diversity reflects the ever evolving migration patterns and the hence the increasing need to address the issue of multilingual education programs. These programs target communicative proficiency in at least more than two languages. In connection to this, research on issues of bilingual education has been growing. The popularity of these programs can be attributed to the important role played by bilingual education such as in the accomplishment of various sociopolitical goals (Holliday 21). In most US schools currently, a larger percentage of students use English as a second language. Due to such statistics, the English only philosophy of adopted by the federal government through the Structured English Immersion has been subject to great criticism. However, ESL students encounter great bar riers as they learn the English language. These barriers are either with respect to linguistic factors or cultural factors (Eugene 32). This draws from the fact that ESL learners have their culture which is so different from that of any native English speaking country as well as certain linguistic aspects based on their primary (mother tongue) language. These aspects are difficult to abandon and hence they tend to present a barrier to the effectiveness with which an ESL students learns English. This paper discuses these barriers in detail and also presents a range of strategies that can be employed to addresses such challenges. Cultural Factors One of the important cultural barriers affecting ESL education draws from the fact that most ESL programs instructors are in most cases native English speakers. This is because irrespective of the importance of having ESL education taught by teachers from the language minority groups, the government mostly has in place native speakers teachin g English to ESL learners (Eugene 47). Research has also shown that the native speakers teaching ESL education differ greatly in terms of their cultural and social economic endowments with their ESL students (Huang and Brown, 645). For instance, in US, most of the ESL program teachers are Americans who of course are culturally very different from the L2 learners. This is due to the poor performance as regards to the objective of ensuring that individuals from the minority language community(ies) are developed into being credentialed teachers through relevant training, to enhance the development of ESL education (Nasr 65). These native teachers employ socioeconomically and culturally different styles of teaching ESL education as compared to those ESL learners are used to, from their culture. This presents a lack of connection of the two cultures especially if the teacher fails to employ effective instructional approaches mean such as collaboration. This is made worse by the lack of z eal among the native teachers to learn these different cultures and become part of the ESL learning community (Zimmerman 17). In most instances, the trainers fail to reflect on how their sociocultural backgrounds impact on their perceptions of the community and therefore on how they teach.

The Year of Living Dangerously - Vision Can Be a Model for Knowledge Essay

The Year of Living Dangerously - Vision Can Be a Model for Knowledge - Essay Example The symbol comes through Billy helping Guy to see. Guy internalizes traditions of the west as a way of objectifying and distancing the virtue of knowledge when he says, "I gave her to you, and now I'm taking her back (Gibson 16)". By defining self in the opposition context, Guy develops a primary demeanor and attitude of disagreement. The guy makes it clear from the start that there is no way he will involve himself in ensuing affairs. However, Billy takes the initiative of going parallel in a connective and paradoxical manner in exploring the function of vision. Billy associates vision with empathy, commitment, and contact. Billy replaces communion in likeness Guy’s opposition via difference. In his view, Billy wants the verb ‘to see’ remain synonymous with ‘feeling’ as a verb. This is different from other parts of the world as â€Å"Algonquian Indian languages do not have tenses (not that they cannot express time if they wish), but rather have "ani mate" and "inanimate" verb forms, so they automatically think in terms of whether things around them have a life essence or not.† Billy makes effort to visualize the real Djakarta that covers thousands of people living in poor conditions because of humble backgrounds. Therefore, they die from multiple diseases and starvation. Conclusively, the film in celebration of the medium as a movie highlights pessimistic statements concerning possible opportunities. Weir, the director, encounters inherent features met by the visual image when it tries entering the human conscience.

Application of Ansoff Matrix to Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Application of Ansoff Matrix to Zara - Essay Example The present research has identified that Ansoff Matrix is one of the tools which have been used by management for the purpose of strategic planning. Ansoff model was introduced in 1957 by H Igor Ansoff. Ansoff model helps managers to understand the barriers and opportunities in existing and new markets with existing and new products. According to Ansoff model, an organization has four strategies with two based on markets and products or services. According to this matrix, when an organization moves to next quadrant vertically or horizontally, risk increases. The image attached to the appendices section shows the Ansoff model. Ansoff matrix is commonly known as product and market expansion grid and this matrix helps managers to make decisions whether they should expand their business or penetrate in the existing market. Ansoff Matrix shows that management has four strategies and these are; 1. Market penetration 2. Market development 3. Product development 4. Diversification. All these four strategies have some risks associated with them. It is important for the management to identify and analyze risks associated with each strategy and then take the final decision. For many years different companies use this grid for strategic planning. Zara, one of the leading international fashion brands, uses this model to grow their business in different markets as well as within the existing market. For the entire process of business expansion, Ansoff model has been used. Now, this part of the report will discuss and analyze each of the quadrants of Ansoff matrix and apply it to Zara’s expansion. Market Penetration: Market penetration is when a company stays in an existing market with their existing products or services then the risk is very low. A company knows the product is already doing well in a market and market holds few surprises. Market penetration is to go further deep into the market as there are opportunities prevailing in the market but the company has no t capitalized on these opportunities. So to go deep into the market, the company penetrates and increases its market share in the market it is already operating. The company already is aware of the market and its characteristics like barriers to entry and exit or opportunities in the market etc. It is very important for Zara to maintain its market share in existing market with existing products. The company is operating in 59 countries and it is incurring the cost by operating its stores. Therefore by penetrating into the markets where it is already operating, the company can further utilize the markets and increase its market shares in these regions. Thus it can help in improving profitability. Zara has achieved competitive advantage by changing the products quickly. However, industry average to deliver products is nine months whereas Zara’s in-house team is capable to deliver the same in 4 to 6 weeks.

Demonstration speech on paper airplane (The Stealth ) Essay

Demonstration speech on paper airplane (The Stealth ) - Essay Example Spreading the paper on the desk, hold the four edges and fold them to the center each at a time. Holding one half of the square paper, hold one make open the other side and make diagonal creases from the center to the edge of the paper and then flattened. This is then repeated on the other side of the paper to produce four flaps. After that, shift to of the flaps away and the whole work is folded into two after which the other two flaps are folded inversely. This is then followed by folding the larger flaps along the longer diagonal. At this time, the smaller flaps are inside reversed so that the tips of all the flaps point in one direction. To improve appearance of the paper aircraft, the four tips are folded inversely making edges flatten but ensuring that each pair of the flaps is of same height. Doing this is a bit challenging for beginners but with practice, you can comfortably fold the tips even when using small pieces of paper. Having done that, fold the paper from the tip of the aircraft to the front edge of the front flaps. Taking a look at the rear bottom edge of the aircraft, there are creases, which are inverse reverse folded. At the base of the front flaps, the crease available is inverse reverse folded to provide a landing surface. This is the followed by separating the rear wings and the paper aircraft is ready to be flown1. The making of a paper stealth aircraft is demanding and thus challenging for beginners. Despite this, with proper practice, perfecting is achievable. I am very grateful for your attention throughout this presentation. Thank you very

Canadas Decision To Withdraw From The Kyoto Protocol Politics Essay

Canadas Decision To Withdraw From The Kyoto Protocol Politics Essay Canadas decision to leave the Kyoto Protocol in 2011 resulted in countless debates and controversy in Climate Change discussions. This paper therefore aimed to provide answers to the ethical question whether Canada decision to withdraw from the Kyoto Protocol was a move in the right direction. To do that, the issues of moral responsibility, justice as well as Canadas interest in a global economy were analysed as it relates to the Kyoto Protocol. The research concluded that Canada should not have withdrawn from the Kyoto Protocol according to the moral obligations in reducing global greenhouse emissions as well as the financial burden to meet such a reduction in emission is relatively constant over time. Keywords: Kyoto Protocol, justice, moral responsibility INTRODUCTION The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding targets over a five-year period (2008-2012) for 37 industrialized countries and the European community. This was done to reduce greenhouse gas emissions causing global warming which sum up to an average of 5% compared to 1990 levels. While the Convention encouraged industrialised countries to stabilize GHG emissions, the Protocol commits them to do so, this being the major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention. Recognizing that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity, the Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. (UNFCCC). The Government of Canada officially notified the UNFCCC on December 15, 2011 that Canada would exercise its legal right to withdraw formally from the Kyoto Protocol. Canada was committed to cutting its greenhouse emissions to 6% below 1990 levels by 2012, but in 2009 emissions were 17% higher than in 1990. Environment minister Peter Kent cited Canadas liability to enormous financial penalties under the treaty unless it withdrew. In order to fulfil its obligations, the country would have to purchase a significant and costly amount of international credits using funds that could be invested on domestic priorities. (Government of Canada). Canadas decision to withdraw from the Kyoto Protocol resulted in a lot of debate and controversy whether or not the Protocol is effective and provides the long-term solution the world seeks to the problem of Climate Change. Our goal in this essay is to analyse whether Canada decision to withdraw from the Kyoto Protocol was a move in the right direction. The responsibility of the government of Canada to take (in) actions on the treaty represents an ethical issue. To what extent is Canada obligated to other countries of the world as well as to current and future generations of mankind on global warming? Was Canada ethically right to withdraw from the treaty? Should Canada put aside its own interest in order to be more committed to the Kyoto Protocol and help solve the global issue of climate change? In order to provide answers to these questions, a detailed analysis of the issues at hand has been carried out. Section two describes the role of Canadas responsibility as well as its moral claims in Climate Change negotiation. Section three discusses the issue of International justice as it relates to the Kyoto Protocol while section four assesses Canadas interest in global discussions on Climate Change. A number of concluding remarks based on the preceding precepts were provided in section five of this paper. RESPONSIBILITY: ASSESSING MORAL CLAIMS IN INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONS This chapter addresses the role of responsibility to climate change negotiations. The issue of how to measure and compare Canadas responsibilities to other countries in terms of climate change mitigation has been controversial, not least with respect to comparisons between the large emitters, such as the US and China. But, what really defines the term responsibility? According to Ellermann et al., to be responsible for something harmful is to be worthy of blame for it (Ellermann, Hà ¶hne and Mà ¼ller). Blame/responsibility in the context of climate change should be seen based on certain acts (i.e. emission of greenhouse gases) that cause global warming. For example, if someone smokes a cigarette in a closed room filled with people, and if the smoke emissions resulting from this act are deemed to be harmful to other people, then they may be judged to deserve unreserved blame just because the emissions are harmful or because they smoked voluntarily, in the full knowledge of the harmfulness of the emission. Such a person is considered to be morally responsible as opposed to be casually contributing. The key difference between being morally responsible and causally contributing is that the former causes the greatest harm to everyone and is to be blamed while the latter (Co2 exhalation while breathin g in the room) causes insignificant problems and should not be blamed. We can therefore infer that since climate impacts are anthropogenic, it would inevitably have a large number of causes and actors, each either morally responsible or causally contributing to global warming. So, the question arises, Is Canada morally responsible or casually contributing to the problems of climate change? To put in other words, Should Canada be among countries to be blamed from changes in the climate? Canadas GHG emission in a global context To assess the moral responsibilities of Canada to climate change, it is important to compare Canadas situation with other countries in term of greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. According to the International Energy Agency, Canadas CO2 emission from fuel combustion in 2009 accounted for approximately 2% of global emissions (International Energy Agency). In other words, Canada is the 7th largest emitter of global emission in the world. Macintosh HD:Users:eds:Desktop:Screen Shot 2012-12-28 at 6.50.47 PM.png Figure : Distribution of world carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion in 2009 (International Energy Agency) Likewise, if comparison is made from the total CO2 emission equivalent per capita, Canada is one of the worlds largest per capita GHG emitters. Canada ranks 15th out of 17 countries for GHG emissions per capita and earns a D grade  [1]  (The Conference Board of Canada). In 2008, Canadas GHG emission was 22 tonnes per capita, significantly higher than the 17-country average of 15 tonnes per capital. Between 1990 and 2009, Global emissions of CO2 have increased by 38%, while Canadian CO2 emissions have increased by less than 19% (Minister of Environment Canada). Figure : GHG Emissions in 2008 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per capita (The Conference Board of Canada) It can therefore be concluded from both figures that Canada is a major emitter of greenhouse gases causing global warming and is therefore morally responsible to the changes in the climate. One of the main reasons for its increase in GHG emissions has been the growth in exports of petroleum, natural gas, and forest products. However, there is great chance to substantially reduce Canadas GHG emissions by utilizing lower emitter technologies and increasing energy efficiency. Assessing Canadas commitment to International Climate Change negotiations Since it has been established that Canada is morally responsible to changes in the climate, to go ahead with a decision to be involved in global negotiations on climate change appears to be the next logical thing to do. When Canada ratified the Kyoto protocol on December 12, 2002, it firmly demonstrated its support for the UNFCCC process, as well as its commitment to meet specified targets under the treaty. Canada had committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emission by 6% over the 1990 baseline levels during the first commitment period from 2008-2012 (Minister of Environment Canada). This was considered to be an optimistic target for Canada as its GHG emissions steadily increased after Conference of the Party 3 (COP-3) to the extent that the 6% reduction from 1990 levels now translates into an actual reduction of approximately 21% from 1990 based on current GHG emissions levels (UNFCCC). However, in December 2011, Canada announced its withdrawal from the first implementation period (2008-2012) of the Kyoto Protocol. This was supported by a speech from Canadas Environmental Minister, Peter Kent: . . . Kyoto Protocol- for Canada is in the past. As such, we are invoking our legal right to formally withdraw from the treaty. This decision formalizes what we have said since 2006 that we will not implement the Kyoto Protocol This withdrawal aimed to avoid an estimated $14 billion penalty as a result from Canadas failure to meet its emissions reduction targets when the Kyoto Protocol expires on December 31, 2012. Canada, however still remains a part of the UNFCCC process for negotiating the next implementation period. After its withdrawal from the Kyoto protocol, Canada proposed a new strategy by committing to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 17% below 2005 levels, or 607 Mt, by 2020, under the Copenhagen Accord (Minister of Environment Canada). In order to achieve this goal and its renewed commitment to climate change mitigation, Canada has introduced four major initiatives including: passenger automobile and light truck GHG emissions regulations, heavy-duty vehicle emissions regulations, regulations on coal-fired electricity generation, and regulations in other key sectors including oil and gas (Minister of Environment Canada). Canada also indicated its willingness to continue to engage in UNFCCC negotiations to support the establishment of a fair and comprehensive global climate change regime as well as to contribute $1.2 billion in new and additional climate change financing by the end of fiscal year 2012/2013. This is to assist developing countries efforts to reduce GHG emissions and adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change (Minister of Environment Canada). However, Canada would not invest any money to the new Green Climate Fund until all major emitters accept legally binding reduction targets and transparent accounting of greenhouse gas inventory. In other words, this funding was taken from previously existing aid package (Kent). Now, going back to the research question, Should Canada have withdrawn from the Kyoto Protocol? Based on the principles of moral responsibilities (as defined earlier), we believe Canada withdrawal from the Kyoto protocol was a wrong decision. According to a state responsibility principle of international law, every internationally wrongful act of a state constitutes the international responsibility of that state (International Law Commission). Furthermore, in the international environment law context, it stated that there is a state right to exercise exclusive sovereignty over the use of land, natural resources and the environment within its territorial boundaries. This right is not unlimited and must not violate on the rights of other states to the use and enjoyment of their environment. In the context of its moral responsibility to other countries, Canadas excessive GHG emissions (as discussed earlier) and its subsequent withdrawal from the Kyoto protocol leads to an internationall y wrongful act. With an earlier commitment to the Kyoto obligation and a continuing non-compliance with its emissions targets, it is still linked to specific moral consequences as a breach to a morally binding treaty. Furthermore, Canadas climate change strategy under the Copenhagen Accord has no global emissions targets for 2020 or 2050. The accord solely proposes listing the voluntary targets of developed and developing countries. Therefore, based on the current assessment of country pledges, it will put the world on a track toward 3.5 to 4 degrees of warming in 2020, which still causes higher warming and bigger threat to the global ecosystem compared to the studies of 2 degrees warming limit set by IPCC (Heinberg). On the other hand, Canada did dropped out of Kyoto just over a year before the end of the first commitment phase as they think that they would not meet Kyoto targets by the end of the first commitment phase. It was reinforced with the fact that the major emitters of GHG were not included in the Kyoto Protocol, such as China and India. Moreover, this could lead other countries facing their own economic problems to follow suit, and consequently weaken the only internationally ratified agreement in emissions reduction, making it more difficult for the next implementation period or even other future agreements to succeed, which, again, depends on the moral will of the nations that will sign the agreement. However, these views remain arguable. In the next section of the essay, the discussion of Canadas withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol will be based on international justice; whether it was legally fair to the global community to withdraw from the Protocol. JUSTICE IN CLIMATE CHANGE The precise definition of the word justice in climate change is still a topic of debate. In general, justice is a term that is used interchangeably with fairness. In principle it represents a concept of moral rightness. In this section, the concept of justice within the Kyoto Protocol will be discussed and how it influenced Canadas decision to drop-out of the agreement. The Kyoto Protocol created a framework, built on the principles agreed to under the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. One of this principles state that: The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Accordingly, the developed country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof (UNFCCC,Article 3, Principle 2). The goal of the Protocol is the reduction of greenhouse gases by developed countries (Annex I), while allowing developing countries (non-Annex I) space to increase their emissions. The Protocol also charts a path way for global cooperation via market-based regulatory instruments. Countries must meet their targets primarily through national measures according to the treaty. However, the Kyoto Protocol offers them an additiona l means of meeting their targets by way of three market-based systems: emissions trading (known as the carbon market), clean development mechanism and joint implementation. These mechanisms help parties meet their emission targets in a cost-effective way and help stimulate investment in renewable sources of energy (UNFCCC). Figure 3: Kyoto Protocol Participation Map (UNFCCC) Justice of the Kyoto Protocol and Canada The Kyoto Protocol framework has two implications to international justice particularly relevant for any discussion involving a broad participation of countries in climate mitigation. They include grandfathering principle and the per capital approach. These two concepts would be extensively discussed in this section of the paper in relations to Canada. Grand Fathering Principle Firstly, the Kyoto Protocol uses the grandfathering principle by recognizing the 1990 emission levels of developed countries as a basis for determining emission limitation targets. This limits the ability of the Protocol to include the participation of developing countries in the future (Aslam,175). Compared to the current emissions of developed countries, developing countries have very low emission levels. However, there seem to be a gradual yet rising trend of emission levels among developing countries particularly Indian and China. From the perspective of the government of Canada, this is one of the setbacks of the Kyoto Protocol. Developing countries which are not bound to cut emissions will be the major pollutants in the future, while present industrialized nations are required to reduce emission levels. This translates into an economic cost for developed countries which would result in unequal economic positions. Also it raises the question of why Canada should bare more respon sibility compared to developing nations with rising emission levels, knowing that in the near-future it will no longer be one of the major players in climate change. Grandfathering enabled national targets to be negotiated without any discussion of a long-term, environmentally sound, collective target for all countries-both developed and developing nations. Secondly, no clear rule was created to help differentiate targets between Annex I countries (Aslam,175). This can be translated in the fact that while in 1990 (the reference year for Kyoto Protocol emission levels), Canada had already taken up some actions to reduce Green House Gases, other countries of Annex I (for example former Soviet Union countries) did not take any measures to reduce greenhouse gases. Thus, the Kyoto Protocol creates a certain injustice towards countries like Canada which has taken some action in the past, but which is not taken into account in the protocol. This lack of capacity within the Kyoto Protocols to involve developing countries in order to have any future success represents the greatest problem of the treaty. Also, the Protocol fails to differentiate between Canada and the rest of Annex I countries and fails to take into account future major climate change contributors. This increases the burden on the present day developed nations like Canada and creates a lack of fairness between the agreements of participating parties. This resulted in a number of proposals which have the purpose of expanding participation while also honouring the Climate Convention principle of differentiation among nations. One of the most controversial approach focuses on equal per capita entitlements (Aslam,176). Per Capita Approach The per capita approach implies dividing the total greenhouse gas emission (in mega tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent) of any country equally among the number of people living in that country. It is a key indicator to represent, for example, the economic output or emissions of each individual in a particular country. This is used to determine how much each country should be allowed to emit in relation to its population size. The per capita indicator helps evaluate emission discrepancy among countries (Aslam,176). It can also help facilitate an acceptable emissions-related burden-sharing agreement among countries of different population size. Although some concerns exist regarding the application of the per capita approach, it remains very difficult to ethically justify any unequal or disparate claims to a global commons, such as the atmosphere (Aslam 184). In the context of climate change, the greatest efficiency gains in the design of a Green House Gas tradeable permit policy stem from utilizing the low-cost mitigation options of developing countries(even if no additional mitigation is forthcoming from this group itself) and then from requiring emission reductions from developing countries at some future date (Rose and Stevens, 359). Using such a per capita allocation system in climate change negotiation, when compared to other approaches, causes developing countries generally to gain more in terms of relative benefit. This should be fine to all parties involved-both developed and developing countries because as discussed in the section of moral responsibilities, most developing nations are casually causing as opposed to morally responsible for climate change. It follows that such a system would encourage more developing countries to join global agreements and thus attract an earlier possible entry to the negotiation table. Such a sch eme should result in emissions trading to maximizing the benefits. Furthermore, owing to the nature of climate change and its associated complexities and uncertainties, any effective approach needs to be flexible to incorporate future scientific developments as well as accommodate variations among countries. A suitable per capita approach is one that is able to tighten or relax yearly contraction on emission budgets, as well as realign its overall reduction trajectory to respond to any change in GHG concentration target. However, the per capita approachs flexibility to account for the differing national circumstances is limited. Quantified emission levels, such as the ones used for the per capita approach, do not account for the social quality of these emissions-that is, it cannot clearly distinguish between luxury and survival emissions (Agrawal,1). Also, there is a big impact on the disparity of emissions among nations by factors such as geographical or climatic conditions and the structure of the respective economy and energy supply, which such s implified indicators simply fails to take into consideration(Aslam,190). This represents a big problem for Canada due to its vastness, cold climate and the economy which is focused on energy production. In comparison to developing countries, adopting such a system forces Canada to the losing end of the rope. The per capita emissions rights as a defining concept of justice in Climate change discussions causes the worlds largest nations- such as China and India- to be significant net gainers, while principal losers would be the nations now having high per capita emissions-Canada would lose a great deal (see Figure 2). Also, as a follow up to the preceding argument, the notion that larger states tend to be poorer makes the per capita approach very attractive. But this can result in a crude and even arbitrary way of redistributing wealth as not all large states are poor and not all small states are rich. Also the distribution is made to both greenhouse gases winners and losers as some rich or poor states will face much more serious consequences due to climate change while others are far less vulnerable. This is a drawback to this scheme as the per capita system fails to take this into consideration (Posner and Sunstein,12). Another serious drawback for states like Canada is the fact that with the per capita system, governments that would adopt policies to promote economic growth would have to face penalties due to the fact that such policies would increase Green House Gas emissions leading to more warming of the climate(Posner and Sunstein,13). The proposed per capita system seems even less attractive from the perspective of Canada compared to the grandfathering principle. Thus, one of the reasons for Canadas withdrawal from the agreement is that it fails to agree with the concept of justice as defined and implemented by the Kyoto Protocol. Due to the different responsibilities of carbon emission between developed countries and developing countries (as is shown in Figure 3) and also the differences within the developed countries (United States, Japan, and Canada), a lot of effort has to be made to redefine the concept of justice within the Kyoto Protocol. From the year 2009 to 2012, United Nations Climate Change Conferences held annual conferences to strengthen the effect of justice among other issues within the protocol and at the same time, reach more agreements. However, little progress has been made during these processes. For developed states like Canada, the concept of justice within the Kyoto Protocol still remains elusive. However, respecting the emission targets of the Protocol would represent a heavy financial burden to the government of Canada, to meet the demands would result in a conflict with its own interests. CANADAS INTERESTS IN CLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONS Climate change has a price tag and it could be very expensive. Cutting the emissions by amounts agreed by the Kyoto Protocol in little more than a decade requires a massive financial cost to the government of Canada. In this section of the essay, we hope to look into Canadas interest in respecting the emission targets of the Kyoto protocol. To do this, we hope to answer two questions: What is the total financial cost to the government of Canada to respect the emission targets of the Kyoto protocol? More importantly, are these costs justified? Secondly, how important is Canadas relationship with the United States with respect to climate change negotiation? Canada: Financial cost of respecting emission targets of the Kyoto Protocol Respecting the emission targets of the Kyoto Protocol represents a huge cost to Canada. But, what exactly is the financial cost? It was estimated by the Canadian Chamber of commerce that the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol will cost about $30billion, or 2.5% of the Canadas GDP by 2010 (Montreal Economic Institute). It was also estimated by the Liberal cabinet in 2002 that a loss of 200 000 jobs and a decrease of 1.5% in the Canadian GDP was inevitable (Bà ¶hringer). The cost of climate change for Canada could rise from roughly $5 billion per year in 2020 to between $21 billion and $43 billion per year by the 2050s (National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy Canada). This cost depends upon a combination of factors: the growth of global emissions and the economic and population growth of Canada. However, global mitigation leading to a low climate change future reduces costs to Canada in the long term. This reinforces the argument that the world would benefit environmentally and economically from a post-2012 international climate arrangement that systematically reduces emissions from all GHG emitters including Canada over time. On the contrary, if firm measures are not taken when it is still possible to do so, no one can accurately predict the weight of the consequences that can happen. We believes that abiding to the Kyoto Protocol will cost much less than the possible consequences of climate change problems, such as the increase of extreme meteorological phenomena. We also believe that the progress in adopting the Kyoto Protocol will reduce greenhouse gases as it will become costly to pollute and easier to adopt best environmental practices. Canadas relationship with the United States United States represents Canadas strongest ally within the North America. But, what is the relationship on the issue of Climate Change? Interestingly, Canada follows the same path with both past Bush and current Obamas administration of the United States (Ljunggren). Canada was widely criticized for withdrawing from the Kyoto Protocol. Some were of the opinion that Canada ends a decade-long saga that began in earnest when George W. Bush walked away from the global climate treaty in 2001. Others continue to argue that the close links between the two countries meant that Ottawa ultimately felt it had to follow Washingtons lead and ignore the diplomatic fallout. Furthermore, the plan Canada will follow instead of the Kyoto Protocol is almost identical to Barack Obamas plan for the United States. The Canadian governments current plan, which would cut emission by 17 per cent of 2005 levels by 2020, is almost identical to the strategy of the government of the United States. Both countries are committed to pursuing a practical and sustainable plan to address the Climate problem (Minister of Environment Canada). Canada fully acknowledges the problem of global warming and the well-being of the earth is also an important issue to North America. However, the cost to respecting the Kyoto Protocol can be justified. Although, the goals of the Protocol were established not by science, but by political negotiation but they do provide the long-term solution the world seeks to the problem of climate change. Furthermore, Canada argues that the Kyoto Protocol could have potentially significant repercussion for the global economy and is therefore arbitrary and ineffective. It goes on to say the Protocol is fundamentally flawed and is not the correct vehicle with which to produce real environmental solutions. However, finding another workable solution to the problem of global warming do not represents the way forward as the cost to Climate change mitigation is likely to be constant over time. CONCLUSION The Climate is changing due to anthropogenic causes; hence, the goal of the Kyoto Protocol is to protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind. Canadas decision to leave the Kyoto Protocol in 2011 resulted in countless debates and controversy in Climate Change discussions. It argues that the Kyoto Protocol do not provide the long-term solution the world seeks to the problem of climate change. It however remains committed to pursuing a practical and sustainable plan to address the problem of global warming. The purpose of the essay was to analyse whether Canada decision to withdraw from the Kyoto Protocol was a move in the right direction. This analysis involves the moral responsibility of Canada to climate change negotiations, justice as it relates to the Kyoto Protocol as well Canadas interests in a global economy. A number of arguments based on these concepts were considered and documented in this essay. Based on the principle or moral responsibility, we believe Canada withdrawal from the Kyoto protocol was a wrong decision. As discussed in the essay, the increase of Canadas GHG emission is strongly related to the problem of global warming and apparently has a strong negative effect on other countries in terms of the usage of the environment. Canadas decision to withdraw from the Kyoto Protocol the only internationally ratified agreement in emissions reduction shows that it may violate the right of other states in the near future. The Kyoto Protocol framework (as it relates to international justice) has two implications particularly relevant to any discussion of broad participation in climate mitigation. They include the grandfather principle and the per capita system. The failure of the Protocol to address emission cuts by developing countries-the major pollutants in the future, clearly reflects its setback. Thus, one of the reasons for Canadas withdrawal from the agreement is that it fails to agree with the concept of justice as defined and implemented by the Kyoto Protocol. Due to the different responsibilities of carbon emission between developed countries and developing countries, a lot of effort has to be made to redefine justice within the Kyoto Protocol. Finally, Climate change has a price tag and cutting the emissions by amounts agreed by the Kyoto Protocol in little more than a decade requires a massive financial cost to the government of Canada. However, the cost to respecting the Kyoto Protocol can be justified. Although, the goals of the Protocol were established not by science, but by political negotiation but they do provide the long-term solution the world seeks to the problem of climate change. Furthermore, Canada argues that the Kyoto Protocol could have potentially significant repercussion for the global economy and is therefore arbitrary and ineffective. However, finding another workable solution to the problem of global warming do not represents the way forward as the cost to Climate change mitigation is likely to be constant over time.

Modern Technology: Are We Too Dependent? Essay -- Internet Computers E

Modern Technology Are We Too Dependent? Internet and television, the twenty-first century has become consumed by these two relatively new forms of media. Devoting more time to one or both of these two creations than ever before, the American public is rapidly coming in from the outdoors and finding the technological marvels of the twenty-first century. Now more than ever television and internet are a major part of people’s lives. The American Society is straying away from their roots as a nature loving community and becoming a community dependent on technology. If comparing stories told by my father about his childhood to those of mine, just one generation apart, drastic differences would be seen. Stories told by my father were of him and his brothers building forts in the woods, going camping for days with neighborhood friends and playing in the woods all day until my grandmother would call him and his siblings in for dinner. My childhood was quite a bit different. I also grew up spending a great bit of my childhood playing outside with my cousins and friends. Building tree houses, playing in the fall leaves, and all the different games kids play were just a few activities of our childhood days. However unlike my father who said he can remember when the first got a television when he was 6, I grew up with television. So I became curious. I wanted to know if most people my father’s age had the same experiences with televisions. In a survey I conducted to test the two generations. The 40+ age group (parents), and the 15-25 age group (children). The following results were found: In the 40+ age group, as a child: 50% watched an average of 5-6 hours per week 50% watched an average of 7-8 hours per week .. ...our direction† (p. 163). He goes on to say that â€Å"If we’re ever to recapture these fundamental kinds of information, it’s necessary to start by remembering just how divorced from the physical world many of us have become† (p.164). These passages from the essay give the results of survey great support. As time goes on society gets further and further away from their roots. Technology is spreading all across the world. Other countries of the world are devoting just as much time to these new technological marvels as Americans do. It is my belief that before it is all said and done every person in every city across the globe will own a television, and be connected to the internet truly making it a World Wide Web. References McKibben, Bill. Daybreak. In A Forest of Voices:Conversations in Ecology – 2nd Edition (pp. 156-169). Mayfield Publishing Company.

Yakka Tech Pty Ltd

This case tells us about the Information technology service firm (Yakka Tech Pty. Ltd. ) This firm provides I. T services throughout Australia and New Zealand. Basically, this firm install and upgrades enterprise software systems and related hardware on the client’s sites. To provide all these services it employees 1500 people. It has customer service division that consist of four customer contact centres serving clients within each region. Each customer service centre consists of half- dozen departments representing functional specialisations and a single department consist of more than two dozen employees. Over last five years time period Yakka tech’s customer service business has nearly doubled. But this growth not only brought positive aspects to the company, rather brought various negative consequences such as, increased customer complaints regarding poor customer services, in-enthusiastic response from the employees, conflict between employees of various departments, increased number of employee’s resignation. This not only increased the labour costs but it also showed direct impact in terms of productivity of the employees. Due to these negative consequences Yakka tech decided to increase the pay rate and keep the employees. Moreover, they also offered a share of profit with employees if they work more than two years for the company. This reduced the resignation of the employees, whatsoever, customers complaints did not end. Q1) What Symptom (s) in this case suggests that something has gone wrong? It is a fact that something went wrong, due to which this I. T service provider was unable to live up through customer’s expectation. As the business grows, it is likely that the work pressure will be more. Proper management is required to make work pressure less. Moreover, a proper channel of communication from the time of query has been made by the customer and ticket has been issued till the time it has been solved should flow. And rather than closing the ticket and re-issuing another ticket to same customer with same problem it would be effective to make a record of customer with same ticket number that could be used as future reference if some complaints or queries would be used by same customer again. Re-issuing of ticket again and again to same customer and different way of handeling same problem by same company would definitely make customer unsatisfied and ould cause more time. This is one of the symptoms that shows the initial mistake of Yakka tech. Similarly, Being I. T service provider, it should have had individual account of customer with their unique reference code that describes the type of system they are operation in their organisation. So that once customer give their refrence any employee with related department gets the ca se history of what had been done by previous colleague and what needs to be done further more. This would make it lot easier for the employees to understand the customer’s problem and solve query quicker. This is the second symptom that created customer dissatisfaction and longer time to tackle with some problem that created blockage in several departments that over loaded the work. Moreover, when the query had to deal with more than one department of the division it always created customer complaints. This was one of the major symptoms of customer’s dis satisfaction and yakka tech’s internal employee conflict. Since, every single employee were unaware of how the customer was dealt by previous employee, every single time each employee had to deal with each customer form the beginning. This would create frustration for the client. Due to work pressure and number of call waiting there was no proper communication between employees of different department. Yakka tech should had tried to figure out possible reasons for employee resignation. In many cases pay rate is not only the reason for employee’s resignation. On the other hand company’s first priority should be to deal with customer. Customers were not satisfied by the way they were served. Hence Yakka should have take a better step by talking with employees. Supervisor and managers to try identify what kind of problem they are going through to serve the customer. Another symptom that shows something went wrong was, due to lack of communication between management and employees of different division. Where employees felt they had to do what they were employed for. Same time they had to listen to number for frustrated customers and job was becoming monotonus. At this stage there should have been some role from management to step in have a meeting with employees make them cheer up and assure them to make some flexible way of working. Due to lack of such approach, despite the pay rate was increased the customer were still not satisfied and employees were working just for the sake of high payment. These were some of the symptoms that suggest something has gone wrong in Yakk tech Pty. Ltd. 2. What are the main causes of these symptoms? 2. 1 Customer complains regarding poor quality service. Unhappy customers are bad news for any company. Every single complaint from a client is a manifestation of dissatisfaction because of poor quality service. Customer complains should be considered as a major factor as it will serve as a feed back of the company IT systems infrastructure(managing customer complains). Yakka Tech’s customer service business has doubled over the past five years yet the management was not focused towards the existing complains process and how it should be handled. Customer complains of Yakka Tech need to be defined and clarify the company’s policies to establish procedures in order to satisfy their clients. The clients’ requirements need to be synchronized with the company’s resources is one of the important element in complaint handling. The complains should be addressed at the earliest and in a fair approach rather than having a defensive manner of dealing the problems. Developing a structured customer complaint management can prevent this problem. 2. 2 High employee turn over The number of employee resignation in YakkaTech contact centers has risen above industry average until eighteen months ago. It resulted in increase in labour cost due to recruiting and training of new technical staff and caused low productivity of new staves. There should be good relationship between employee satisfaction, employee turnover and customer satisfaction(better employees). Employee turnover will be high in a company if the work environment is not up to the standard, which is exactly what happened in YakkaTech and that resulted in negative effects between the relationship of the company and its customers. The management needs to understand the reasons for high employee turn over and need to take necessary steps to overcome it. Lower productivity of employees can be reduced if the employee turnover is lesser as new employees are the main reason for lower productivity. Some of the reasons for high employee turnover are poor management, low employee compensation and not considering employees quality of life. 2. 3 Poor customer service training. according to the result of an employee survey as well as informal comments since then many of the YakkaTech employees said that they find their job monotonous and have the filings for disconnection from the work they do. This has resulted in failure on customer service skills and behaviors which cause in increase in responsibilities performed by a customer service staff. So the training that company gives to the new employees should emphasize to gain patience when dealing with customers problems and giving real effort to solve it. YakkaTech should design the training programme to achieve the predetermined objectives goals and needs of the organization. Improved communication skills, retention of customers, problem solving capabilities focus on customer satisfaction and maximum and effective use of the resource available. 2. 4 Conflicts. There have been few complaints about the ongoing conflicts with people in other departments and the stress of serving dissatisfied customers. The reasons for conflicts in YakkaTech may be because departments have different objectives and if their members cant find common values and goals they cannot cooperate which fail to coordinate team action effectively. Changes take place constantly in an organization and these changes can generate emotions and employees can more easily adopt to change if they are well prepared, included and supported. Task interdependence may be another important conflict in the firm that is conflict between individuals or groups that are dependant on one another. Lack of proper communication between different divisions can cause conflict. The management can develop different approaches that fit employees’ personalities and responsibilities. Some of the conflict management skills that YakkaTech can adopt are, getting feedback from employees about the different operations of the department, assessing the source of the conflict and different conflict management styles. 2. 5 Lack of team motivation. YakkaTech’s executive team decided to raise pay raise for its customer service staff to become among the highest in the industry. They assumed that high rate would improve morale and reduce turn over and reducing hiring costs and improving productivity. Increased pay rates failed to improve morals but it did reduce employee turn over in the firm. It clearly shows that there is lack of motivation by the management to maintain effective team work and employee retention. Interesting work, appreciation, pay, good working conditions, and job security are important factors in helping to motivate. (http://www. bpir. com/employee-motivation/menu-id-71/implementation. html). Work and personal life of an employee should be given importance in the company.